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# Kinematics Equations

Top
 Sub Topics Kinematics is that what tells about the motion. It is a branch of classical mechanics that tells about the description of motion without dealing with the force that causes them. It shows the motion of objects using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs and equations. Kinematics equations tells about the use of equations to describe and represent the motion of objects.

## Kinematics Formulas

Kinematics equations tells about the use of equations to describe and represent the motion of objects. There are many things existing in nature that tells about the object's motion like displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.
There are basically four kinematics equations

V = Vo + at

X - Xo = Vo t + $\frac{1}{2}$ at2

V2 = Vo2 + 2a(X - Xo)

X - Xo = $\frac{1}{2}$ (Vo + V) t

Here Vo is initial velocity, V is final velocity, a is acceleration, xo is initial displacement and x is final displacement and t is the time taken.

## 2D Kinematics Equations

The 2D kinematics equations gives the kinematics equations in 2 dimensions x and y.

In x-direction the kinematics equations are
Vx = Vox + ax t

X = Xo + Vxo t + $\frac{1}{2}$ ax t2

Vx2 = Vxo2 + 2ax(X - Xo)
In y-direction the kinematics equations are
Vy = Vyo + ay t

y = xo + Vyo t + $\frac{1}{2}$ ay t2

Vy2 = Vyo2 + 2ay(y - yo)

## Inverse Kinematics

The word inverse kinematics itself states that its nothing but reverse of kinematics. You already know that kinematics is that what calculates the position of space of the end of the linked structure if the angles are given. Inverse kinematics tells about the angles the joints should have to achieve the end point.
Inverse Kinematics is a branch that tells about the the mathematical way to calculate the different angles of a joint object to achieve a certain configuration. It has wide applications in robotics to building the robots.

## Kinetics Vs Kinematics

Lets compare kinetics versus kinematics:

 Kinetics Kinematics 1 It tells about the study of motion and the forces acting on it for the motion. It focuses only on motion but not the forces that causes it. 2 It has wide applications in designing automobiles It has the applications in studying the movement of celestial bodies and robotics.

## Kinematics Problems

Below are given some sample problems on kinematics that you may refer:

### Solved Examples

Question 1: A balloon is raising vertically upwards with a velocity of 6 ms-1. A bag of marbles is released from it reaches the ground in 10s. Whats the height of the balloon when bag is released?
Solution:

Let h be the height of the balloon when the sand bag was released.
Initial velocity u = + 6 ms-1,
Acceleration a = -g = - 10 ms-2,
Distance covered s = - h,
Time taken t = 10 s

Distance traveled s = ut + $\frac{1}{2}$ at2

- h = (6)10 + $\frac{1}{2}$ $\times$ (-10) $\times$ (10 s)2
= 60 + 0.5 $\times$ (-1000)
= 60 - 500 = - 440 m

$\therefore$ Height h = 440 m.

Question 2: A train moves in a straight track with a velocity of 40 kmph is brought to rest after covering a distance of 100 m. Calculate its retardation.
Solution:

Given: Initial velocity of train u = 40 kmph = 11.11 m/s,
Final velocity v = 0,
Distance traveled s = 100 m
Consider the equation v2 = u2 + 2as
0 = (11.11)2 + 2 $\times$ a $\times$ 100 m

Acceleration a = $\frac{- 123.43}{200}$ = - 0.6175 ms-2

$\therefore$ Retardation = 0.6175 m/s2.